Patch available upstream:
https://gcc.gnu.org/pipermail/gcc-patches/2021-January/563416.html

Smaller test case:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <error.h>

static unsigned int argtoint (const char *prog, const char *arg);

int main (void) { printf ("%u\n", argtoint ("hello", "world")); exit (0); }

static unsigned int
argtoint (const char *prog, const char *arg)
{
  long int res;
  char *endptr;

  errno = 0;
  res = strtol (arg, &endptr, 10);
  if (errno || *endptr)
    error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0, "cannot parse integer argument '%s'", arg);

  return (unsigned int) res;
}

-----

$ gcc -fanalyzer -fno-common -Wall -Warith-conversion -Wbad-function-cast -Wcast-align=strict -Wdate-time -Wdisabled-optimization -Wdouble-promotion -Wduplicated-branches -Wduplicated-cond -Wextra -Wformat-signedness -Winit-self -Winvalid-pch -Wlogical-op -Wmissing-declarations -Wmissing-include-dirs -Wmissing-prototypes -Wnested-externs -Wnull-dereference -Wold-style-definition -Wopenmp-simd -Wpointer-arith -Wstrict-overflow -Wstrict-prototypes -Wsuggest-attribute=cold -Wsuggest-attribute=format -Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn -Wsuggest-final-methods -Wsuggest-final-types -Wsync-nand -Wtrampolines -Wuninitialized -Wunknown-pragmas -Wunused-macros -Wvariadic-macros -Wvector-operation-performance -Wwrite-strings -Warray-bounds=2 -Wattribute-alias=2 -Wformat-overflow=2 -Wformat=2 -Wformat-truncation=2 -Wimplicit-fallthrough=5 -Wshift-overflow=2 -Wunused-const-variable=2 -Wno-analyzer-double-free -Wno-analyzer-malloc-leak -Wno-analyzer-null-dereference -Wno-analyzer-use-after-free -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-missing-field-initializers -fdiagnostics-show-option -Wframe-larger-than=6000 -Wstack-usage=10000 -Wimplicit-fallthrough=4 -Wformat-truncation=1 -Wformat-overflow=1 -Wno-pragmas -Werror -O2 -flto=auto -ffat-lto-objects -fexceptions -g -grecord-gcc-switches -pipe -Wall -Werror=format-security -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -Wp,-D_GLIBCXX_ASSERTIONS -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-cc1 -fstack-protector-strong -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-annobin-cc1 -m64 -mtune=generic -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -fstack-clash-protection -fno-strict-overflow -Wno-strict-overflow -Wl,-z -Wl,relro -Wl,--as-needed -Wl,-z -Wl,now -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld -o argtoint argtoint.c 
argtoint.c: In function ‘argtoint’:
argtoint.c:9:5: fatal error: Cgraph edge statement index out of range
    9 | int main (void) { printf ("%u\n", argtoint ("hello", "world")); exit (0); }
      |     ^
compilation terminated.
make: *** [/tmp/ccuwY2M0.mk:2: /tmp/ccDvJlVX.ltrans0.ltrans.o] Error 1
lto-wrapper: fatal error: make returned 2 exit status
compilation terminated.
/usr/bin/ld: error: lto-wrapper failed
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

Thanks, is this going to be fixed by
https://koji.fedoraproject.org/koji/buildinfo?buildID=1671837 ?

It doesn't look like this fix is mentioned in the %changelog.

(In reply to Richard W.M. Jones from comment #3)
> Thanks, is this going to be fixed by
> https://koji.fedoraproject.org/koji/buildinfo?buildID=1671837 ?
> 
> It doesn't look like this fix is mentioned in the %changelog.

Right, I think the patch hasn't yet been approved.  But hopefully it will be soon.  A workaround is to turn off -fanalyzer.

The patch isn't in upstream git yet; looks like I need to respond to comments from Honza on the upstream mailing list

This bug appears to have been reported against 'rawhide' during the Fedora 34 development cycle.
Changing version to 34.